Changing perspectives on health care development in Grenada

In this article the writer outlines and describes the programme of health care implemented by the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), states that the emphasis on health care is now preventative rather than curative and that health care is perceived as a total community effort rather than a package of pre-determined services delivered to a community. (AU)

A comparison of the nutritional value of two weaning foods

The nutritional values of a traditional banana porridge and a new commercially produced porridge, Cerex, were compared in a feeding trial. The banana porridge contained banana flour, wheat flour, condensed milk and water. Cerex porridge was made from cerex (corn, rice, soya and fortified skimmed milk powders) made isocaloric to the banana porridge (100 Kcal/100g) with the addition of oil, sugar and water. The porridges were fed at libitum as the only source of nutrients to 8 children recovering from malnutrition for 10 days on each porridge in a cross over design. There were 5 girls and 3 boys, aged 6-16 months, all of whom were about 80 percent weight for height at the start of the study. Anthropometric measurements and the intakes of porridges were recorded. The protein and energy content of the porridges as fed were measured. The children gained weight at the same rate on both porridges: a rate comparable to that achieved on "high calorie milk" used as a routine for treating malnutrition in TMRU. The mean rate of weight gained on cerex porridge was 13.1 ñ 6.3 (SD) g/kg/d, for banana porridge 12.5 ñ 5.2 (SD) g/kg/d. This is 3 times as fast as a normal child of the same average weight and 13 times as fast as a normal child of the same average age. The mean food intakes of cerex (147 ñ 19 (SD) g/kg/d) and banana (156 ñ 16 (SD) g/kg/d) porridges were not significantly different nor was there a statistical difference in the mean energy intakes between cerex (159 Kcal/kg/d) and banana (161 Kcal/kg/d) porridges. Although cerex porridge provided more protein (5.39 > 3.73g/kg/d.p < 0.05), the protein in green banana porridge was more efficiently utilized for balanced weight gain as the energy cost of weight gain was the same on both porridges. At the projected retail price for cerex, that porridge provides more energy/dollar than green banana flour porridge based on the actual retail price of banana flour. However, the difference is outweighed by the advantage of utilizing a locally produced food, if the total cost from production at the farm, through cost to national budget, to cost to consumer is considered. The advantage of being able to grow the food in a backyard or small farm is considered for the rural population. We conclude that the traditional banana porridge should be acceptable and economically the use of indigenous foodstuff is desirable (Summary)

Knowledge and use of birth control in Barbados

Based on material collected in Barbados in 1964, this paper examines knowledge and use of birth control in terms of 3 types of family union - married, common law, and visiting. Analysis of knowledge of birth control is dealt with for the sample at large, for educational attainment, and for the average number of methods known by each woman. The relative importance of the different methods known is also treated by family type and education. The extent to which women in the sample make use of birth control is discussed from 4 aspects. First, the growing use of the different methods among younger-age cohorts is made evident from tabulations of methods-last used. Second, information on the agencies and individuals recommending the use of different contraceptives emphasizes the degree to which the partner's influence is responsible for resort to birth control. Third, the proportions of users in religious groups show that religion is not a barrier to the use of any method. Fourth, the material is treated from the standpoint of age cohorts, since there is, in many cases, a vagueness as to the age at which use began, although women are able to identify the inter-pregnancy period when use began